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会计案例分析:非同一控制下企业合并的投资成本计算
On 1 Jan 2024, A Ltd acquired all the outstanding shares of B Ltd when the equity of B Ltd consisted of share capital of $10,000 (10,000 shares) and retained earnings of $8,000. The acquisition was made on a cummulative-dividend basis when B Ltd’s dividend payable was $2,000. Details of the acquisition are as follows. 1. A Ltd paid $14,000 cash by two instalments: $5,575 on 1 Jan 2024 and the remaining in three year’s time. 2. B Ltd’s shareholders received 1 share from A Ltd for every 5 shares they held, or alternatively, $2.62 per share in cash, payable in two year’s time. Holders of 4,000 shares preferred to receive cash. 3. A Ltd’s shares were trading at $3.40 per share on the acquisition date. Due to doubts as to whether the share price of A Ltd could remain at or above the $3.40 level for 6 months, A Ltd agreed to compensate B Ltd the value of any decrease in the share price below $3.40. A Ltd estimated a 25% chance that its share price would fall to $2.80 before 1 July 2024. 4. A Ltd supplied B Ltd a self-developed patent worth $3,000. 5. A Ltd paid $25,000 share issuance costs and $12,000 consulting and brokerage fees in relation to acquisition. 6. B Ltd paid $3,000 in relation to the business combination. 7. The interest rate was 8%. The income tax rate was 30%. Calculate A Ltd’s cost of investment in B Ltd on the acquisition date. (11 marks) (Note: Round the discount factor to 6 decimal places and final answer to the nearest dollar amount.)

根据企业会计准则第2号-长期股权投资(2014),在非同一控制下的企业合并中,购买方的合并成本包括购买方为取得对被购买方控制权而付出的资产、发生或承担的负债以及发行的权益性证券的公允价值。在本案例中,A Ltd收购B Ltd的合并成本应包括以下几部分:

  1. 现金支付的部分:$5,575(第一期付款)加上未来三年支付的剩余款项的现值。剩余款项为$8,425($14,000 - $5,575),按照8%的利率折现至2024年1月1日。
  2. 发行的权益性证券的价值:B Ltd股东每持有5股可获得1股A Ltd的股票,因此B Ltd的10,000股可换取2,000股A Ltd的股票。这部分价值为2,000股 * $3.40/股 = $6,800。
  3. 现金选择权的价值:4,000股B Ltd股东选择现金,价值为4,000股 * $2.62/股 = $10,480。
  4. 自愿补偿协议的价值:A Ltd估计有25%的概率其股价会跌至$2.80,因此需要补偿的预期价值为($3.40 - $2.80)* 2,000股 * 25% = $300。
  5. A Ltd支付的发行费用和咨询经纪费:$25,000 + $12,000 = $37,000。
  6. B Ltd支付的相关费用:$3,000。

首先计算未来三年支付的剩余款项的现值: $8,425 / (1 + 8%)^3 ≈ $6,724.41

然后计算合并成本的总和: $5,575(现金支付第一期) + $6,724.41(未来付款现值) + $6,800(发行股份价值) + $10,480(现金选择权价值) + $300(补偿协议价值) + $37,000(A Ltd支付的费用) - $3,000(B Ltd支付的费用)

合并成本总计约为$69,179.41。

因此,A Ltd在收购日对B Ltd的投资成本大约为$69,179。