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会计处理与外汇远期合同:如何记录日记账分录并计算影响
根据上面的题干 解答问题(a) Prepare necessary journal entries on October 1, 2024. The relevant exchange rates are as follows: Date Spot Rate Forward Rate (for March 31, 2025) December 31, 2024 ¥ 4.20 : NZ$ 1 March 31, 2025 ¥ 4.28 : NZ$ 1 ¥ 4.28 : NZ$ 1 Fair Value of forward exchange contract (for March 31, 2025) (per each NZ$ 1,000) --- ¥19.70 ¥60.00 (b) Prepare necessary journal entries on December 31, 2024 (financial year end of Queenie). And show how the forward exchange contracts and their related account(s) would be reported in Queenie's financial statements for the year ended on December 31, 2024. On March 31, 2025, Queenie successfully purchases such factory in New Zealand for NZ$6 million. (c) Determine the overall changes to the Factory account on March 31, 2025 concerning the settlement of the forward contract and the purchase of the factory.

(a) On October 1, 2024, Queenie enters into a forward exchange contract to purchase NZ$8 million on March 31, 2025, at a predetermined rate of ¥4.22 to NZ$1. The journal entry for this transaction is as follows:

借:套期工具 - 外汇远期合同 33,760,000 (8,000,000 * 4.22) 贷:预付账款 - 外汇远期合同 33,760,000

(b) On December 31, 2024, the fair value of the forward exchange contract is ¥19.70 per NZ$1,000. The journal entry to record the change in fair value is:

借:套期工具 - 外汇远期合同 1,576,000 [(8,000,000 / 1,000) * (4.22 - 19.70)] 贷:公允价值变动损益 1,576,000

In Queenie's financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, the forward exchange contract would be reported as a liability under "Other liabilities" or a similar category, with a balance of the current fair value. The related account(s) would include the "Prepaid Forward Exchange Contract" and "Fair Value Through Profit or Loss" account.

(c) On March 31, 2025, when the factory is purchased for NZ$6 million and the forward contract is settled, the journal entries are:

Factory Purchase: 借:固定资产 - 工厂 25,180,000 (6,000,000 * 4.19) // Using the spot rate on March 31, 2025 贷:银行存款 - 人民币 25,180,000

Settlement of Forward Contract: 借:银行存款 - 人民币 25,200,000 (8,000,000 * 3.15) // Using the forward rate from the contract 贷:套期工具 - 外汇远期合同 25,200,000

Overall change to the Factory account considering the settlement of the forward contract and the purchase: The factory account remains at 25,180,000, as the forward contract is settled separately and does not directly impact the cost of the factory. The difference between the forward contract settlement and the actual purchase cost (25,200,000 - 25,180,000 = 20,000) would be recorded as a gain or loss on the forward contract, which would be recognized in the income statement.